By: Yhanna Gleighnix Santiago & Rica Mae Natividad
Reactogenicity symptoms (side effects that occur within 7 days of vaccination) were common in clinical trials, but they were mainly mild to moderate. After the second dose of the vaccine, side effects (such as fever, chills, tiredness, and headache) became more prevalent in the body. The majority of the side effects were mild to moderate in severity. However, a small number of people experienced serious side effects, which are described as side effects that impair a person's ability to perform everyday tasks. Despite the fact that few participants in the clinical trials ended up in the hospital or died, evidence suggests that people who received the Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine had a lower risk of these more severe consequences than those who received the saline placebo. The CDC will continue to provide updates as more information about the Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine's safety in real-world settings.
The CoronaVac, an inactivated vaccine, was developed by Sinovac, a Beijing-based biopharmaceutical company. It works by exposing the body's immune system to the virus through killed viral particles without risking a serious disease response. On the contrary, in the West by Moderna and Pfizer are mRNA vaccines. That ensures only a portion of the Coronavirus' genetic code is inserted into the bloodstream, causing the body to produce viral proteins rather than the whole virus, which is enough to prepare the immune system against the attack. Several Asian nations, including Singapore, Malaysia, and the Philippines, have signed agreements with Sinovac, and Indonesia launched a mass vaccination program using their vaccine in January 2021. The Sinovac vaccine has also been approved for emergency use in Turkey. Other agreements with Brazil and Chile are also reported to have been signed by the company. The Sinopharm vaccine has been approved by the United Arab Emirates and Bahrain.
The MHRA investigated UK instances of uncommon blood clots in those who had obtained the Oxford-AstraZeneca vaccine. The regulator said that the jab had not been proved to be the cause of the clots. The MHRA studies checked out those people who formed clots after the Oxford-AstraZeneca vaccine and had a low platelet count. Platelets are small blood cells that assist the body from bleeding through forming clots. A shape of clot referred to as Cerebral Venous Sinus Thrombosis (CSVT). When a blood clot is found in veins withinside the head, it prevents blood from draining out of the mind, inflicting CVST. Blood cells can cut up and leak into mind tissue as a result, ensuing in a stroke. Clots can shape voluntarily and are usual in younger women, however they may be nonetheless uncommon.
Developed by the state-run Gamaleya Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology in Moscow and financed by the Russian Direct Investment Fund (RDIF), Gam-COVID-Vac is a viral vector vaccine, similar to those developed by AstraZeneca and Johnson & Johnson (J&J). Vector vaccines are easier to manage than mRNA vaccines, which need to be stored at very low temperatures. In a vector vaccine, harmless viruses, such as inactive cold viruses, deliver the genetic code for spike proteins — which the SARS-CoV-2 pathogen uses to attach itself to human cells into the body. The body of a vaccinated person will recognize them as alien substances and react by creating antibodies and specific T-cells, which are both important for immunity. Sputnik V is also effective against the B.1.1.7 variant discovered in the United Kingdom and the B.1.351 variant discovered in South Africa, according to a new study published on April 3 2021, a normal peer review procedure but has not yet been verified.
The World Health Organization is collaborating with partners around the world to speed up the production of a safe and reliable vaccine and ensure equal access for the billions of people who need it. Even if the process is accelerated, developing a COVID-19 vaccine would take time. In several nations, the current pandemic has disrupted routine immunization programs. When immunization programs are interrupted, even for a short time during an emergency, the possibility of outbreaks of vaccine-preventable diseases like measles and polio rises. More disease outbreaks will put a strain on health-care systems that are still dealing with the effects of COVID-19.
Resources:
Information about the Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 Vaccine. (2021, April 16). Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/vaccines/different-vaccines/Pfizer-BioNTech.html
Wikipedia contributors. (2021, April 21). CoronaVac. Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac
The Oxford/AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccine: what you need to know. (2021, February 12). Astrazeneca. https://www.who.int/news-room/feature-stories/detail/the-oxford-astrazeneca-covid-19-vaccine-what-you-need-to-know
Russia’s Sputnik V Covid-19 vaccine shows 97.6% efficacy. (2021, April 20). Pharmaceutical Technology. https://www.pharmaceutical-technology.com/news/russia-sputnik-v-efficacy/
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